Teenage Depression Essay -- essays research papers

Teenage Depression I. Clinical depression is a serious illness that can affect anybody, including teenagers. It can affect your thoughts, feelings, behavior, and overall health. A recent child psychologist quoted; "It (depressions) not a fleeting sadness but a pervasive and relentless sense of despair. A lack of interest in life accompanied by weight loss, loss of appetite, feelings of uselessness, and sleep disturbance are some of the more common symptoms. People with depression can't just 'snap out of it'. There can be an array of causes- it can be due to stresses in the home or at work, or it can just come out of the blue. Sometimes family history can be a major factor." We chose this topic because this case is relevant to the cognitive process in teenagers. II. Depression can be expressed through many symptoms. A common symptom is a pessimistic view of life. Life seems meaningless, and nothing good will ever happen. Another symptom is constant crying for no particular reason. When your depressed you don't feel like doing a lot of the things you used to like. Such as music, sports, being with friends, and going out. You want to be left alone most of the time. Also, it is hard for you to make up your mind when it comes to making decisions. III. Numerous studies have showed that 2.5 percent of children and up to 8 percent of teens suffer from depression. In another study, 9...

Oceans Carrier Case

Substantive IssueOcean Carriers is a shipping company evaluating a proposed lease of a ship for a three-year period to a customer, beginning in 2003. The proposed leasing contract offers very attractive terms, but no ship in Ocean Carrier’s current fleet meets the customer’s requirements. The firm must decide if future expected cash flows warrant the considerable investment in a new ship. Objective of Case Assignment To provide your team an opportunity to make a capital budgeting decision.That is, to develop an understanding of how discounted cash flow analysis can be used to make investment and corporate policy decisions.Assignment Questions: Do you expect daily spot hire rates to increase or decrease next year, and why? (This question should also address what factors appear to drive average daily hire rates. )What is the cost of the new ship in present value terms? The company’s cost of capital (i. e. , discount rate) is 9%.What are the expected cash flows for each year? (You are expected to setup an Excel spreadsheet to answer this question.What is the net present value (i. e. , net cash flow overall) for the investment in the ship?Should Ms. Linn purchase the $39MM ship?What do you think of the company’s policy of not operating ships over 15 years old?Additional Notes to Finance ProjectA. Event Year 0 (on the Excel template) equals the year 2000. This means 2000 is the current year of the case, also stated as period (n) = 0.B. Based on the above, next year in Question 1 would then be the year 2001.C. When calculating days in the year, use 365 (i. e. , ignore leap years).D. The initial investment in net working capital of $500,000 (p. 5 of case) occurs at the end of 2002—right before the ship is ready for use at the start of 2003. Net working capital defined: current assets minus current liabilities; the net amount of a company’s liquid resources (i. e. , operational buffer). cont’dE. Capital Expenditures (Exh ibit I, p. 2 of case) extend the life and/or productivity of an asset–they are not a tax deductible expense in the year they occur. Therefore, they become part of the asset’s cost and must be depreciated over their estimated useful life (5 years). Assume the capital expenditures occur at the end of the years noted in Exhibit I. For example, $300,000 cash outflow in 2007. This means you cannot include the cost of the capital expenditure in your annual depreciation expense calculation until the next year (2008).F. Your annual Depreciation expense calculation should be as follows: Original cost of Ship – Salvage value + Cost of Capital Expenditure__ Estimated useful life of Ship Estimated useful life of Capital ExpenditureG. Salvage value of the ship at the end of 15 years is noted in the case. Salvage value is zero at the end of 25 years.H. Tax rate = 35%I. After-tax proceeds from sale of asset = Selling Price – [Tax Rate x (Selling Price – Book Valu e)]J. Round all calculations to the nearest dollar.K. If you need to make any assumptions, clearly state your assumptions in your paper.

Cross-Cultural Psychology - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1133 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Psychology Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Introduction to Cross-Cultural Psychology What is culture? Culture is a particular society at a particular time and the knowledge and values shared by that society and psychology is the science of mental life. Therefore, it goes without saying that cultural psychology is the science of mental life in a particular society at a particular time. According to the text â€Å"cross-cultural psychology is the critical and comparative study of cultural effects on human psychology and cultural psychology seeks to discover meaningful links between a culture and the psychology of individuals living in this culture (Shiraev Levy, 2010). Because there is a need for understanding of cultural psychology, cultural and cross-cultural psychologies are closely related yet have many differences as well. Cross-cultural psychology is all about the comparisons of societies and due to these comparisons critical thinking plays a critical role. The methods of cross-cultural research are used to assi st in the understanding of why cross-cultural psychology is so important to society today and the understanding of it. Cultural vs. Cross-cultural The main implication of the difference between individualism and collectivism concerns the relationship between an individual and a group (Lu and Kao, 2002). † Cultural psychology deals with a single society and all of the elements that make the society what it is. Cultural psychology studies the factors of culture, society, race, and ethnicity and understands the no culture is strictly homogeneous. Each culture has been researched down to the beginning of the culture including evolution, biology, neurology, motivations, emotions, and cognitive foundations (Berry, 2004). In cross-cultural psychology, the researcher takes these elements of two or more of these cultures and attempts to examine their similarities and differences to determine the fundamentals of a society in general. Cross-cultural psychology studies more of the deve lopment of the persons in a society based on their behaviors and the views of these behaviors. In the earliest cross-cultural psychology the development of a person was used as a base model for how that society would later develop. The societies were viewed based on the individuals within them and noticing which behaviors were accepted thus determining the future of the ever-changing culture (Berry, 2004). The biggest difference in cultural and cross-cultural psychologies is cultural psychology distinguishes the relationship between the psychology of individuals and the society they are a part of and cross-cultural psychology defines the differences and similarities as well as defining universal aspects of culture by comparing two or more. Critical Thinking With societies and cultures being compared in cross-cultural psychology, the importance of critical thinking becomes apparent. Critical thinking skills are sophisticated methods of assessing beliefs, opinions, and assertion s using science, logic, and reliable information. Some researchers define culture emically as the â€Å"blueprint† for human activity and develop their information from the viewpoint of the subjects being studied (Luna and Gupta, 2001). Psychologist must use critical thinking and be sensitive, understanding and respectful of cultural knowledge including specifically: scientific, popular or folk, ideological or value based and legal knowledge (Shiraev Levy, 2010). Researchers must be aware of the differences in comparing cultures and take into account the required changes in methods in gathering data. For example, different cultures speak different languages; therefore the questions asked must be translated. Many times when changing to a different language it is easy to become lost in translation, the researcher must attempt to come as close as possible to the dialog as the original language. There are many guidelines for psychologist in using critical thinking in cross -cultural psychology. â€Å"Psychologist must learn to appreciate the range of differences among their clients, it is important to identify and control their own biases to respectfully collaborate with their clients, and (the research) is a lifelong process toward a goal that can never be fully attained (Stuart, 2005). Unfortunately no matter how â€Å"unbiased† a researcher or psychologist may claim to be there is always a certain degree of personal input, whether consciously or unconsciously, placed into the end result of any study thus the necessity for critical and sound thinking is paramount. Methodology In order to determine the methodology that is associated with cross-cultural research you must first determine the goals of research. Researchers must describe the two cultures, explain different factors, predict the factors that make each culture successful, and in some cases researchers can determine similar factors as â€Å"controls† for comparison. Psychol ogists must be careful however as to not over generalize the society because it may lead to incorrect controls which are not true to a particular society or culture and therefore be very misleading. Cross-cultural psychologists use all the typical psychological methods of investigation: observation, survey, experiment, content-analysis, psychobiography, meta-analysis, focus-group methods, and other procedures. The methodology can be divided into quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative approaches mainly consider the evaluations of cultures based on their own inside views of their society. The most common type of quantitative method is the statistical method of correlation which examines the relationship between two variables. Qualitative is a less invasive approach in which the society is observed and compared more in a natural setting. When the experiences and priorities of the individuals being researched are weighed into the outcome of the research qualitative is the method of choice (Shiraev Levy, 2010). Conclusion Cultural psychology is the science of mental life in a particular society at a particular time, comparing two or more of these cultures is called cross-cultural psychology. When psychologists begin to research the differences and similarities in society they must first decide the methodology in which they will research. Choosing a quantitative or qualitative method to reach desired information is almost as important as the research itself. After wisely choosing the method in which the data is collected, the psychologists then begin to assess the information gathered. Psychologist must be sensitive, understanding, and respectful of the knowledge they are comparing as to not include or induce research bias by using critical thinking throughout the process of comparison. Cross-cultural psychology relies heavily upon the knowledge and research of cultural psychology. Cultural psychology studies the individual and the impact on behavior and society. With a full knowledge of cultural psychology in two or more cultures a cross-cultural psychology can be formed to compare one society to another. References Berry, J (2004). The Psychological Foundations of Culture. Canadian Psychology, 45(4), 315-316. Retrieved May 3, 2010, from ProQuest Psychology Journals. (Document ID: 928026951). Luo, L. , Shu-Fang, K. (2002). Traditional and Modern Characteristics Across the Generations: Similarities and Discrepancies. Journal of Social Psychology, 142(1), 45-59. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database Luna,D Gupta, S. F. (2001). An integrative framework for cross-cultural consumer behavior. International Marketing Review, 18(1), 45-69. Retrieved May 3, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 115719118). Shiraev, E. B. Levy, D. A. (2010). Cross-cultural psychology: Critical thinking and contemporary applications (4th ed. ). Boston: Pearson/Allyn Bacon. Stuart, R. (2005). Multiculturalism: Questions, No t Answers. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(5), 576-578. doi:10. 1037/0735 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cross-Cultural Psychology" essay for you Create order